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Commercial electrodes performance was quite low (Figure 11) compared to Sundmacher et al [11] results. They did their experiments at similar conditions and with a similar MEA. Despite their goal was to compare their model to experiments and not to get high performance our MEA was far from giving acceptable performance. For example they obtained current densities of 25 and 110 mA/cm2 at respectively 0.5V and 0.35V whereas we obtained current densities of 10 and 25 mA/cm2 at respectively 0.5V and 0.35V. Nevertheless, results couldn’t be compared at lower cell voltage because they used different methanol concentration. Fuel cell electrodes contain Nafion to help proton conduction. A way to improve their performance could be to spray a Nafion solution on them. A solution was thus prepared by mixing 0.25ml of 5% in weight (wt%) Nafion solution with 10ml of ethanol. It corresponds to 10% of the weight of catalyst considering 20% of losses during spraying. After treatment with this solution performance increase (Figure 11) but was still half of what was desired. b. Home-made electrodes With the goal of improving DMFC performance we began by trying to optimize the MEA preparation [12]. Membranes remained the same (commercial Nafion117 from Electrochem) but electrodes were prepared in the lab using Pt/Ru and Pt black with an atomic ratio of 1. The Pt/Ru black catalyst will remain the same in this study. For both electrodes the catalytic ink was prepared by mixing 24mg of catalyst with 20ml of water and 20ml of ethanol and sonicated for 24h in order to ground and disperse the catalyst particle agglomerates. 0.25ml of 5wt% Nafion solution was added 1h before utilization. Then this ink was sprayed on a 5cm2 piece of Teflon treated carbon cloth and the electrode dried for 1h at 80o C. 20% losses were considered during the preparation including spraying. To deposit roughly of 4mg/cm2 of catalyst, 24mg were used instead of 20mg. Home-made catalyst gave slightly better performance (Figure 12). However the gain is not significant. The catalyst layer appeared non-uniform on the carbon cloth surface. It - 31 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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