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Nafion contained in electrodes helps to conduct protons to the membrane. A content of 10%wt was used previously according to [11]. That is why both a higher and lower Nafion content were tested, respectively 5wt% and 20wt%. 20wt% of Nafion at anode appears not to be a good option (Figure 25. d). 5 and 10wt% loading gave similar performance at high and medium voltage. However, at low cell voltage, the current drop was lower with a 5wt% Nafion loading. Nafion creates hydrophilic paths in the catalytic layer, whereas carbon dioxide needs hydrophobic paths to diffuse through it. As seen above, CO2 removal is an issue at low potentials and high current densities where a lot of CO2 is formed. The decrease in Nafion loading could help its removal by decreasing porosity and thus increase methanol supply. An improved supply would result in higher performance, if it does not simultaneously increase methanol crossover. It seems that the lower Nafion content could really enhance performance since when Nafion loading is increased (figures 25. a, b, and c) the effect of flow rate becomes more important. It means that for an increased loading the drop in CO2 diffusion should be compensated by a higher flow rate. 0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 i (mA/cm2) 400.00 500.00 5wt% Nafion at cathode / F=1ccm 10wt% Nafion at cathode / F=1ccm 20wt% Nafion at cathode / F=1ccm Figure 26: Effect of Nafion content at Cathode (Anode catalyst: 4mg/cm2 Pt/Ru black, Cathode catalyst: 4mg/cm2 Pt black, Cathode O2 flow rate = 75sccm, Thumidifier = 25oC) - 45 - U (V)PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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