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Best performance was obtained when the resistance layer was located between the catalytic layer and the membrane on anode side. It is reasonable to think that it will remain true if the PTFE and Nafion loading as well as the layer thickness are changed. However, they certainly need to be refined to improve the previous results. Besides, since the resistance to diffusion seems to vary with the cell voltage, the previous parameters may need to be adapted to a specific operating range. 5. Nano-composite membranes and methanol crossover Membranes have a great effect on DMFC performance, especially their behavior toward methanol crossover. A compromise needs to be found between membrane proton conductivity and methanol diffusion. Nano-composite membranes have shown low methanol permeability [18, 19] but have also a higher resistance to protons transfer. Consequently, thinner membranes with lower electrical resistance may be used to minimize crossover. Different types and thickness of Nano-composite membranes were tested. MEAs were prepared with 117 and 112 membranes and 4mg/cm2 Pt/Ru black and 1mg/cm2 20wt% Pt/C electrodes. The anode feed flow rate was set at 5ccm to prevent oscillations. The methanol concentration was kept at 1mol/L unless the effect of concentration itself was tested. The membranes contained roughly of 5wt% zirconia. a. 117membranes Polarization curves were plotted for both Nafion and Nano-composite 117 membranes at 60oC and 80oC. At an anode feed flow rate of 5ccm the Nano-composite membrane performance was close to that for Nafion (Figures 38 and 39) for both 60oC and 80oC. It even dropped at high current densities. However, it could have been expected that at higher flow rate, the positive effect of higher methanol diffusion to the anode catalytic layer wouldn’t be suppressed by crossover. This assumption was not valid as it lowered performance. - 57 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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