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according to Lindermeir et al [7], a homogenous distribution of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores is desirable. Small and homogeneously spread hydrophilic pores will help to increase the number of efficient catalytic sites. Hydrophobic pores will have an effect on CO2 bubble formation and removal. Wide pores will remove a large amount of carbon dioxide but also form large bubbles. These bubbles will form slugs in the feed channel and lower performance. Thus, small pores may be more efficient in the sense that they may form many small bubbles and hopefully create a bubble flow instead of slug flow in bipolar plate feed channel. Escribano and Aldebert [17] used with success a sintering treatment to enhance PTFE structure in the catalytic layer. They heated the electrode at 335oC for 2h (melting point of PTFE: 327oC). PTFE melts and distributes to create a uniform distribution of hydrophobic pores. This treatment was applied to a 10wt% PTFE Pt/Ru black anode and was found to have no effect. However, it does not mean that this treatment is not working. The mesh of carbon fibers in the carbon cloth is not fine enough and creates macro pores. It is suspected that those pores concentrate carbon dioxide into large diameter bubbles. Consequently, the beneficial effect of the sintering treatment may not be seen in carbon cloth. The structure of the electrode backing used has an important role to play. A different type of carbon cloth may have a beneficial effect, especially if it has no macro pores. The previous ideas about the effect of PTFE should also be used to investigate more the utilization of a resistance layer. Investigating the effect of such parameters as NAFION and PTFE loading and layer thickness may be useful to understand where and under which operating conditions the resistance layer could be efficient. Bipolar plates optimization: The goal is to keep a uniform methanol flow in the feed channel. The drawback of the single serpentine flow-field used is that CO2 accumulates along the channel. It was compared to parallel flow-field by Yang and Zhao [10], in which removal of bubbles by buoyancy is too slow. A solution consists either of pin flow bipolar plates (bubbles are immediately dragged to the outlet by the flow) or a new design. This is nevertheless an important factor in improving performance. - 63 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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