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VII. Conclusions and recommendations for future work According to experimental investigations, home-made electrodes were found to be much more efficient than commercial electrodes for the Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Besides, these investigations permitted us to understand the role played by various MEA components on the cell performance. Methanol diffusion through the membrane is of course well known, but its diffusion through the electrode backing was also revealed to be an important issue limiting performance. It was found to be difficult to control the balance between the flux of methanol and the flux of carbon dioxide which escapes the catalytic layer. This balance depends up on the Nafion and PTFE loading in the anode catalytic layer and the structure of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores created. PTFE loading may also have to be adjusted in the carbon cloth or in the resistance layer if it is used. The balance depends however on the operating point. Best performance were obtained with a 4mg/cm2 Pt/Ru black anode and 4mg/cm2 Pt black cathode on a 117 membrane. No PTFE was used and the optimum Nafion loading at cathode was 10wt%. However, the optimum Nafion loading at anode changed with the cell voltage. At high cell voltage and low current densities it was 10wt%, but below 0.25V, it the optimum Nafion loading became 5wt%. The two-phase flow was not only posing problems in the diffusion layer but also in the feed channel. A slug flow reduces liquid phase diffusion area. This kind of flow is a great limitation to the cell performance and need to be avoided. Both methanol and carbon dioxide diffusion are strongly dependent on the diffusion layer, which was a piece of carbon cloth in this study. The carbon cloth remained the same and was already Teflon treated. It would be interesting to test non-treated carbon cloth. As seen during the study on PTFE content at anode and the resistance layer, PTFE can have a great effect on both methanol and CO2 diffusion. The behavior of the diffusion layer toward diffusion may be drastically different with non-treated carbon cloth. A carbon cloth with another density may also be tested. Conclusions were drawn for our cell station and some of them may not be true more frequently for other equipment. The stack itself might change some of the results that were obtained. For example, working with new bipolar plates or with 25cm2 electrodes - 91 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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