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Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1017 Figure 3. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of 7 of 12 Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT and MWCNTs. 3.2. Electrochemical Characterization of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT 3.2.EFleicgturorceh4emaidciaslpClahyarsatchtercizyactliiocnvoflPtadm/CmooOgr@amMsWofCtNheTpreparedcatalystsin0.5MKOH 34 in the range of 0.2‒1.4 V at a scan rate of 10 mV s‒1. For commercial Pd/C with 20 wt.% Figure 4a displays the cyclic voltammograms of the prepared catalysts in 0.5 M KOH in −1 metal loading, cathodic peaks were observed. The current density profile of the range of 0.2–1.4 V at a scan rate of 10 mV s . For commercial Pd/C with 20 wt.% metal Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT had two distinctive maxima of the reduction cathodic peaks at 9.93 loading, cathodic peaks were observed. The current density profile of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT ‒2 −2 mA.cm , which were much higher than those of Co3O4@MWCNT and Pd/C in the same had two distinctive maxima of the reduction cathodic peaks at 9.93 mA.cm , which were investigation. The catalyst exhibited relatively good performance in the oxygen reduction much higher than those of Co3O4@MWCNT and Pd/C in the same investigation. The craetaclytisotne,xahnibditmedigrhetlabtievseulyitgaboloedfoprerufosermasanacceaitnhothde oinxydgiernecrteudruecatifounelrse.aCctoio3On,4 anadnompiagrhtti- 2+ 3+ 2+ bcelessuhitavbilnegfoCrouseaansdaCcoathodcceuipnydinirgectthueirreatefturaelhse.dCroalOandnaoncotaphaerdtircalelsshitaevs,inrgesCpoectivaenldy, 34 3+ 2+ Caore thoeccmupoysitnegmthpeloirytedtrachateadlryasltsanfodrotchteahOedRrRal[s2i4te,2s6, ]r.esTphectOivReRly,caorrerethspeomnodst teomtphleoyCeod 2+ 2+ 2+ ccaotnaltyesnttsbfoecratuhseeOtRheRC[2o4,2a6c].tiTvheesuOrRfaRcecoarreeasspaornedcsotnodtuhceiCveoto ctohnetaedntsobrepctaiuonseotfheOC2 oand acotinvteinsuorfuascelaercetarosnarteracnosnfdeurcdiuverintogtthheeaOdsRoRrp.Ction3Oo4f,Oasantrdancosnittiionnumouestaeleocxtridone,teraxnhsibfeitrs 2 dhuigrihnegrtehlecOtrRoRc.aCtaolyOtic,aacstiavittryanwsitihonremspeetacltotoxidthee, ecxuhrirbeintst hdiegnhseirtyelaenctdropcoawtaelyrtidceancstitvyitoyf 34 wthitehirnevsepsetcitgtaotetdhefucuelrrceenltlsd[e9n]s.itTyhaisndobpsoewrveartidoenscilteyaorlfythinedinicvaetsetsigtahtaetdtfhueelfocermllsa[t9io].nTohfisa ohbosmerovgateinoenoculesacrolymipnodsicitaetesnthantcthedeftohremealteicotnroocfhaemhoimcaolgpenreforumsaconmcepdousietetoenthaenhciegdhthaec- etlievcetrsoucrhfeamceicarlepaeorfotrhmearnecseuldtiunegtocatthaelyhsitgsh. Tahctiisviensduicrfaatcees athreaat omfothrpehroeslougltyincgocnatrtaolyasntsd. This indicates that morphology control and surface modification are the main factors surface modification are the main factors affecting the activity of the catalysts for the ORR affecting the activity of the catalysts for the ORR in DUFCs [27,28]. in DUFCs [27–28]. FFigiguurere4.4.EElelecctrtorocchheemicicaallcchhaararaccteterrisistitcicssooffththeecactaatalylystsst:s:(a(a))CCVVtrtarcaecsesanadnd(b()bL)SLVSVcucruvrevseosfotfhtehPedP/dC/CooO3O@4@MWCNT,, 34 − −1 1 PPdd//MWCNT,,commerrcciiallPd/C, and Co3O4 @@MWCCNNTTccaatatalylyssttaatt220000rrppminin11.0.0MKOHaattaassccaannrraatteeooff1100mVss . . For comparison, the polarization curves for the ORR were also recorded in 1 M KOH solution at 2000 rpm, as shown in Figure 4b. The electrocatalytic activity of the composite catalyst was higher than that of its individual components. The Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT catalyst outperformed the other catalysts owing to its higher current density and positive half-wave potential. The results illustrate that the onset potential of the composite (0.67 V) was higher than that of the commercial Pd/C catalyst (0.62 V). The current density on the composite was 9.93 mA cm−2 at 0.67 V, which is higher than those of the commercial Pd/C catalyst (6.53 mA cm−2) and Pd/MWCNT (5.03 mA cm−2), and is superior to that of Co3O4@MWCNT (1.62 mA cm−2). To gain insight into the kinetics of the ORR, the LSV data for Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT were recorded in O2-saturated 1.0 M KOH at various rotation speeds [29–31]. As shown in Figure 5, the polarization curves suggest that the measured current intensity increased with the high-speed rotation rate due to enhanced diffusion. Based on the diffusion in the kinetically limited regions, the Koutecky-Levich (K-L) plot was used to determine the electron transfer number. The K-L equation is as follows: 1=1+1= 1 +1 (1) J JL Jk Bw1a/2 Jk 34PDF Image | Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior
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