PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 057
Chapter 2. Replacing Petroleum with Sustainable Energy Carriers 36 carrier are meaningless. That a solar-to-hydrocarbon conversion may be only 10% efficient and a coal-to-hydrocarbon conversion may be 60% efficient does not mean that the latter is a six times better use of energy – it is a different type of energy with different supply. Another common metric used in life cycle analyses is the net greenhouse gas emissions that arise from all stages of the life-cycle of a product or energy conversion system – e.g. the construction, operation and maintenance. Such estimates are of course tied to a specific region and time. Taking photovoltaics (PV) as an example, every time a PV power plant is installed, the analysis becomes outdated – if PV were to scale up and comprise a significant fraction of electricity generation, the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of producing new PV panels would be much lower because more of the electricity used for producing the PV would come from PV itself. The methods used here emphasize looking at many aspects of the energy systems to assess sustainability and practicality. Such thorough examination using a multitude of metrics seems to be necessary and should lead to more useful assessments than studies that focus on providing a single value ―score‖ for a given energy technology or conversion pathway. 2.7. References 1. Lackner KS, A Guide to CO2 Sequestration. Science, (2003). 300(5626): p. 1677-1678. 2. EIA. Basic petroleum Statistics October 25, 2007]; Available from: h t t p : / / w w w . e i a . d o e . g o v / n e i c / q u i c k fa c t s / q u i c k o i l . h t m l . 3. IEA. World Oil Statistics for 2006. March 1, 2009]; Available from: http://www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/oildata.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=29. 4. Hill J, Nelson E, Tilman D, Polasky S, and Tiffany D, Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (2006). 103(30): p. 11206-11210. 5. Rydh CJ and Sanden BA, Energy analysis of batteries in photovoltaic systems. part II: Energy return factors and overall battery efficiencies. Energy Conversion and Management, (2005). 46(11-12): p. 1980- 2000. 6. Farrell AE, Plevin RJ, Turner BT, Jones AD, O'Hare M, and Kammen DM, Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals. Science, (2006). 311(5760): p. 506-508. 7. Climate Change 2001: IPCC Third Assessment Report. (2001), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 8. Yegulalp TM, Lackner KS, and Ziock H-J, A review of emerging technologies for sustainable use of coal for power generation. The International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Environment, (2001). 15: p. 52-68. 9. Lackner KS, Can fossil carbon fuel the 21st century? International Geology Review, (2002). 44(12): p. 1122-1133. 10. Keith DW, DeCarolis JF, Denkenberger DC, Lenschow DH, Malyshev SL, Pacala S, et al., The influence of large-scale wind-power on global climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2004). 101: p. 16115-16120. 11. King CW and Webber ME, Water Intensity of Transportation. Environmental Science & Technology, (2008). 42(21): p. 7866-7872.PDF Image | Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
PDF Search Title:
Electrolysis of CO2 and H2OOriginal File Name Searched:
co2-hso-fuels.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |