PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 094
Chapter 3. Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels by Recycling CO2 with Renewable/Nuclear Energy 73 fuel production process, but at present the energy demand and need for moving a lot of materials render these methods less economical. Electrolytic regeneration with byproduct H2 production may become feasible with further developments of the electrolytic cell. We choose the humidity swing method for this study. Of the dissociation technologies reviewed, high temperature electrolysis using solid oxide cells appears to be one of the most promising (section 3.2.2.3.2). Recent developments and performance improvements have brought solid oxide electrolysis cells close to practical implementation. Efficient co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 has been demonstrated with low cell degradation rates [37, 38] (and see Chapter 4). By supplying the proper ratio of H2O and CO2, syngas can be produced with a composition tailored for catalytic fuel synthesis. Despite the potential heat management complexity and the as yet unproven durability at very high current densities discussed at the end of section 3.2.2.3.2, we choose the solid oxide electrolyzer over other means of dissociation. This is not to say that other means of dissociation are not worthwhile. However, critical aspects of the feasibility of heat and light driven processes have not been sufficiently demonstrated (sections 3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2, and 3.2.2.4), and because of the inherently more limited current densities of alkaline electrolyzers their capital cost is at present too expensive for intermittent operation (section 3.2.2.3.1). A pathway based on capture of CO2 from the atmosphere, high-temperature co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is therefore chosen for the following analysis. Weimer et al first proposed the use of solid oxide cells for a CO2-recycled synthetic fuel cycle [18, 19]. The proposed process used a KOH absorbent to capture CO2 from the air, regenerated the resulting K2CO3 to KOH (releasing CO2) by reacting with CaO and H2O, and calcining the resulting CaCO3 in a thermal absorbent regeneration process. Steam and the captured CO2 are supplied together to a solid oxide cell stack for co-electrolysis, yielding syngas. The syngas is sent to a catalytic methanol synthesis reactor for methanol production. The fuel synthesis is exothermic and the authors note that the waste heat can be used to heat water to produce steam. Here is proposed a similar process along with the energy balance, economic estimate, and discussion about implementing the process, using published experimental data when possible. The differences are the use of a new type of CO2 air capture process which uses far less energy and costs less [2], the use of today’s state-of-the-art solid oxide cells for co- electrolysis, and the use of conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Isothermal operation of the cells can be attained just above the thermoneutral voltage, taking into account small heat exchange losses as the hot outlet gasses are used to preheat the inlet gasses. Therefore the cells would operate at slightly lower than the 100% operating efficiency of an electrolysis cell that was mentioned in section 3.2.2.3. The initial internal resistance of the cell stack is assumed to be 0.3 Ω cm2 at 850 °C based on single-cell results [37, 38] and assuming some additional ohmic losses from the stackPDF Image | Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
PDF Search Title:
Electrolysis of CO2 and H2OOriginal File Name Searched:
co2-hso-fuels.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |