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Chapter 4. Co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O in Solid Oxide Cells 95 4.1. Introduction As discussed in Chapter 3, CO2 and H2O can be recycled into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels with renewable/nuclear energy in a non-biological process, and a promising means to produce such fuels is by high temperature electrolysis of CO2 and/or H2O in solid oxide cells (SOCs) to yield synthesis gas (an energy-rich gas mixture of CO and H2). This chapter describes experimental results for co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O in a solid oxide cell. Electrolysis of CO2 and CO2/H2O mixtures was initially investigated in the 1960s as a means to produce O2 for life support and propulsion in submarines and spacecraft [1-6]. Research on using solid oxide cells for this purpose continues today [7-13]. Recently, there has been a surge of research activity for electrolysis of H2O [14-24], CO2 [15, 20, 25-27] and CO2/H2O mixtures [28-34] for fuel production purposes, using state-of-the-art cells. The cell operation is illustrated in Figure 4-1. When both H2O and CO2 are supplied to the Ni/YSZ electrode for co-electrolysis, the water-gas shift (WGS) equilibrium may play a role in the CO or H2 production (YSZ = yttria-stabilized zirconia). Since the cell resistance for CO2 electrolysis is slightly higher than that for H2O electrolysis [15, 20, 26, 27, 31-34] and at the cell operating temperature of 850 °C the WGS equilibrium favors the reverse reaction, it is expected that part of (possibly most of [32]) the CO produced results from reverse WGS. Co-electrolysis may be advantageous for process simplicity, eliminating the need for a separate reverse WGS reactor to prepare syngas with the H2/CO ratio needed for catalytic fuel synthesis. Figure 4-1. Diagram of a solid oxide cell applied for co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O, as part of the renewable fuel cycle discussed in Chapter 3. The electrode reactions are also given. Recently, long-term (>200-hour) durability studies have been reported for H2O [17, 21, 22, 24, 31, 35-37] and CO2 [27] electrolysis. The present work, along with a companion paper [34] in which we report the durability for co-electrolysis at low current density, appears to be the first study of co-electrolysis durability. In general, according to literature, degradation at the Ni/YSZ (YSZ = yttria stabilized zirconia) electrode seems to dominate during electrolysis andPDF Image | Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
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