PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 131
Chapter 5. Aspects of Metal-YSZ Electrode Kinetics 110 That is, halving the internal resistance of the cell leads to approximately the same capital cost reduction as doubling the durability. With low enough resistance (high enough throughput), electrolysis using solid oxide cells could be economical with only a short (perhaps 1 year) operating life. A better understanding of metal-YSZ electrode kinetics (oxidation and reduction of H2/H2O and CO/CO2 at metal-YSZ interfaces) could reveal pathways to significantly improving the performance and durability of solid oxide cells. In this chapter the electrochemistry at the metal-YSZ (electrode-electrolyte) interface is studied in detail. Geometrically simplified ―model‖ metal wire electrodes pressed down upon polished YSZ pellet electrolytes were employed. This point-contact cell geometry is intended to serve as an ideal ―model‖ electrode that represents a single interface of the thousands of ceramic and metal particles that make up the typical three-dimensional composite electrode of a technological solid oxide cell, to isolate the true nature of the electrochemistry (catalytic and electrochemical processes) from the additional properties that arise from a complex three-dimensional microstructure (gas transport and current distribution in porous structures, and heterogeneous interfaces and particle sizes). It also provides a well-defined three-phase boundary (TPB) at the interface. In the present study, the test conditions – the gas composition, the temperature, and the polarization of the electrodes – were varied systematically to examine how the electrochemical measurements varied, to facilitate studying the electrode rate-limiting processes. A number of workers have studied H2 oxidation at Ni/YSZ by performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and/or polarization sweeps at systematically-varied conditions. This study is unique in the application of test conditions relevant to steam and CO2 electrolysis (e.g. high partial pressures of H2O and CO2 and cathodic polarizations) to point-electrode characterization. In fact, gas atmospheres with high pH2O and pCO2 like 50% H2 + 50% H2O and 50% CO + 50% CO2 should be included in fuel cell tests as well because they are relevant to cell operation – with high reactant conversion during either electrolysis or fuel cell operation, the negative-electrode should on average be in a gas atmosphere of something close to 50% fuel + 50% oxidized products (with more fuel near the inlet and more oxidized products near the outlet). Despite all the work that has been done (reviewed in the next section), the detailed kinetics of the electrode reactions are not well known [1, 2]. Little work has been done comparing the same reactions using different metals, even though this may be a good way to examine the kinetics of reactions occurring at the metal/YSZ interface. Therefore, an additional parameter, which is uncommon in most studies, was the variation of the metal material itself – by comparing the same reactions using different metals (Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pd, and Pt) under identical conditions, the similarities and differences of the electrochemical responses betweenPDF Image | Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
PDF Search Title:
Electrolysis of CO2 and H2OOriginal File Name Searched:
co2-hso-fuels.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |