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Chapter 5. Aspects of Metal-YSZ Electrode Kinetics 115 The sequence was repeated at 850 °C thereafter. Other sequences included the fixed pH2 variation. Polarization measurements were then performed in at least the 50-50% H2-H2O and CO- CO2 gas atmospheres at one or more temperature points. First, IS was measured at OCV. Then, anodic polarizations were performed: cyclic potential sweeps with consecutively higher upper limits and 3 repeated cycles at the highest upper limit of +300 mV, and IS at +50 or +100 mV increments to +300 mV. Before each IS measurement under polarization, the desired polarization was first held for 5 minutes of DC bias chronoamperometrically to reach near- steady state, and then the impedance measurement was immediately started at that bias. IS were then measured at OCV for at least 12 h during which the impedance response of some electrodes relaxed. The same process was repeated for cathodic polarizations, to –300 mV, followed by at least 12 h relaxation at OCV. Finally, full sweeps in both anodic and cathodic directions, with consecutively higher ranges up to maxima of +300 and –500 mV, were performed. Figure 5-2. Example of a gas variation performed at 1000 °C during a test. ―pO2 expected based on flows‖ is the pO2 expected using the Nernst equation (see section 1.1.1) and the set flows of H2, H2O, CO, CO2, and Ar that give the gas partial pressures shown in the lower plot. In some tests, extreme conditions were applied. In one test with Ni electrodes, the electrodes were oxidized by exposure to air for several hours, at 850 °C and again at 1000 °C,PDF Image | Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
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