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Chapter 5. Aspects of Metal-YSZ Electrode Kinetics 119 Figure 5-5. SEM micrographs of the YSZ surface where an Au wire electrode had been in contact during testing at up to 900 °C. The lighter areas are Au/YSZ and the darker areas are only YSZ. 5.3.2. Data Normalization and Reproducibility Ideally, equation (5.1) could simply be used to estimate the size and shape of the metal- YSZ interface. However, there are several possible deviations from ideality: The interface does not form a perfect circle, which equation (5.1) is based on The conductivity of the electrolyte material must be assumed based on prior measurements Measurements of RS may be larger than expected in an ideal interface due to non- negligible interfacial resistance between the two materials For some studies, equation (5.1) may be a close enough approximation. However, in this study it was intended to compare the measurements between many electrodes including those of different materials, so a method was developed to manage these non-idealities. After cooling down after a test was complete, the wire electrodes were carefully lifted off of the YSZ surfaces and both surfaces, the flattened metal contact area and the polished YSZ surface where the metal wire had been contacting it, were examined in the SEM. The contact area and perimeter were measured from SEM micrographs of the elliptical flattened area of the metal wire (Figure 5-6), and they agreed with the areas on the YSZ surface which exhibited differences in topography relative to the smooth surface outside the contact area (see Figure 5-7 for the matching ―hill-and-valley‖ topographical patterns on both surfaces and in Figure 5-15 the smooth surface outside the contact area can be seen). These topographical differences have been studied in literature [11, 14, 35-37, 43]. First, a correction factor for the area was applied:PDF Image | Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
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