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Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O

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Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O ( electrolysis-co2-and-h2o )

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Chapter 7. Conclusions and Outlook 220 The electrode kinetics study provided insight into the reaction mechanisms that take place in the conventional Ni-YSZ negative-electrode. The logical next step would be to derive an electrochemical model based on the proposed mechanism and determine how well it describes the electrochemical measurements. The molybdate materials that were investigated showed exceptional electrochemical performance. The composition and extent of reduction play an important role in the electrochemical performance. A more detailed study of the effects of modifying the composition and reduction conditions would be of great interest. In addition, finding the best way to incorporate these high-performance materials into an electrode with optimal porous microstructure could lead to a high performance electrode. Testing out new electrode structures with these materials, and studying the rich interfacial chemistry of these systems, would be a very exciting line of future research. In order to implement CO2 recycling at a large scale, advances in automated operation, and mass production of the components, will most likely be necessary. As mentioned, the active components (the electrodes) of the electrolysis cells seem to only make up a small fraction of the total cost – the cost may be dominated by the balance of the system. Increasing the current density and improving the durability are two avenues towards decreasing the capital cost. Mass production is another possible avenue towards cost reduction of the electrolysis cell (via the manufacturing cost) that was not explored in the present work. Developments in mass production would most likely apply to the rest of the system as well, potentially reducing the cost of each component. Designing the system as modular components that work together would be an interesting way to facilitate mass production and automated operation. Many of the components of the CO2 recycling system – including the electrolyzers, and photovoltaic panels if one wishes to deploy the system with solar power – are already small scale, modular, and mass produced (which is in fact not the usual paradigm for energy systems, which tend to scale to larger size to reduce the cost). Automated operation may be necessary even if implemented at a small scale if the control schemes for e.g. managing intermittency are complicated. Automated control systems are being developed and are becoming more common in all technological fields to reduce costs. It seems that pushing forward these developments and applying them to this system could significantly improve the cost, and there is a wealth of opportunity for research to figure out the best ways to do this.

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