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Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ( extraction-bio-butanol-using-supercritical-carbon-dioxide )

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Chapter 2: Background 2.1 Biofuels in the United States 2.1.1 Energy Consumption in the United States A variety of fuels power every part of modern day life such as transportation, electricity, heating and cooling. Petroleum, natural gas and coal are the three main fossil fuels dominated energy consumption in the US for more than a century ("Energy Explained," 2015). In 2014 these three sources accounted for 81% of energy consumed ("Energy Explained," 2015). Fossil fuels and nuclear electric power are considered non- renewable ("Energy Explained," 2015). Non-renewable is defined as a source of energy that is finite and cannot be replenished in a short period of time ("Energy Explained," 2015). On the other hand, renewable means an energy source that can be regenerated ("Energy Explained," 2015). In recent years there has been a push to use renewable energy instead of non-renewable energy (Earley & McKeown, 2009). Although renewable energy made up only 10% of energy consumption in the US in 2014, the production and use of biofuels and non hydroelectric renewable sources doubled from 2000 to 2014 ("Energy Explained," 2015). In Figure 2.1, a pie chart breaks down the US energy consumption in 2014 by energy source ("Energy Explained," 2015). Figure 2.1: Energy consumption in the USA by energy source in 2014 12

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