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2.1.2 Non-renewable and Renewable Energy Sources Non-renewable energies, such as fossil fuels, are the most common source of energy consumed in the United States due to their abundance and low cost ("Energy Explained," 2015). However, there are a few major disadvantages to using fossil fuels such as a dependence on foreign oil and their contribution to climate change (Earley & McKeown, 2009). The United States government is fostering the production of renewable energy sources through laws and incentive programs, with goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase domestic energy production ("Energy Explained," 2015). The U.S’s goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can be reached if the growth of renewable energy production continues (Earley & McKeown, 2009). Currently, the main challenge facing renewable energy is the high cost of production (Earley & McKeown, 2009). To overcome this, technological advances are needed to increase cost effectiveness of production (Earley & McKeown, 2009). With the push of government and society to reduce greenhouse gases there is an expected increase in renewable energy sources for the next 25 years ("Energy Explained," 2015). 2.1.3 US Government Support of Biofuels Biofuels are one renewable energy option that the government currently supports (Earley & McKeown, 2009). The US biofuel industry started in the late 1990’s to find a less toxic additive than MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) for gasoline (Earley & McKeown, 2009). Following this, the agriculture sector lobbied the US for policies to increase US biofuel production to stimulate rural development and increase the demand and price of crops (Earley & McKeown, 2009). Today the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is a law through which the US government supports biofuels through a variety of federal and state incentives (Earley & McKeown, 2009). This law calls for the blending of 36 billion gallons of biofuels annually into conventional motor fuels by 2022 (Earley & McKeown, 2009) . Additionally, individual state governments have passed laws that require a certain percentage of biofuel in each gallon of gasoline (Earley & McKeown, 2009). For example, Florida passed a law in 2008 that requires all gasoline sold in the state to contain 9-10% ethanol by 2010 (Earley & McKeown, 2009). 13PDF Image | Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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