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depressurizes in a heated line (60C) after the BPR and flows into sample vessels that are in series and contain methanol to capture the butanol as the de-pressurized carbon dioxide gas is vented through the container. This single reaction vessel allows for a compact system that accomplishes both tasks of production and extraction and is a common technique for current work in this field. An example of this technique can be found from Laitinen and Kaunisto, who have used a system with an Oldshue-Rushton column combined with supercritical fluid extraction. They mention in their introduction that multiple authors have tested applications for supercritical extraction in spray, sieve tray, and packed countercurrent columns. These experiments have shown great success and are very efficient and economical when compared to liquid-liquid extraction. (McHugh et al., 1994) The system that Laitinen and Kaunisto decided to test was a high-pressure bench-scale mechanically agitated Oldshue-Rushton type supercritical extraction column (Laitinen & Kaunisto, 1999a). Laitinen and Kaunisto used a similar setup to that of the butanol extraction system, used in this work, when operating in a continuous mode. Our system has been operated in a batch mode to test the extraction time for certain weight percent samples of butanol, but in the future it will run in a semi-continuous mode to simulate the organism’s constant production of butanol. The Oldshue-Rushton column used scCO2 as the extracting solvent to recover ethanol from their column, while testing the effect of agitation. For their results, they were able to generate a 90 wt.% ethanol product stream from a 10 wt.% ethanol feed stream using this technique. These results show a high potential for the use of supercritical fluid extraction systems and is one of the reasons that scCO2 has been chosen as our solvent for the system (Laitinen & Kaunisto, 1999a). 2.5 Extraction Safety Hazards The safety hazards within our supercritical fluid extraction system revolve around chemical and physical risks. The chemicals used in our experiments include butanol and methanol. The physical risks center on the high-pressure system, which is necessary to create supercritical carbon dioxide. 26PDF Image | Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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