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It is clear from this chart that the predicted Kla values from these three correlations are accurate and are within a ~15% error of our experimentally predicted value. This result is good but its overall accuracy is dependent on our assumptions. Each model has a unique variable that is taken into account that changes the way the correlation is affected by the scenario but all of them include the droplet/bubble diameter (d), diffusion coefficient (D), and kinematic viscosity (𝜐). The first correlation (1.1) assumes our system has no stirring but that large liquid droplets of supercritical carbon dioxide are rising through the reactor. This correlation includes the density of the scCO2 (𝜌) as well as the density difference between the scCO2 and the butanol water mixture (∆𝜌). It also relies more heavily on the viscosity (𝜐) and diffusion coefficient of the liquid (D). Overall, this correlation was the most accurate within ~5% error of our experimental model prediction. The second correlation (1.2) makes the same assumptions as the first correlation but it says that the droplets will be a smaller size (< 0.3 cm) and they will behave more like rigid spheres. This correlation is highly dependent on the rising velocity of the droplets (𝜐0) and uses this variable as its main driving force for the calculation. In the end, this correlation was within ~10% error of our experimental model. The third correlation (1.3) assumes a different scenario that treats scCO2 as gas bubbles and includes the effect of stirring. The inclusion of stirring power (P/V) is an important portion of this correlation. This result is within ~15% error from the experimental model and it makes sense that it is the only correlation that predicts a higher Kla since the bubble shearing would significantly increase interfacial area. However, since our system did include stirring this model is should be most accurate One reason for it not being as accurate is that these models still do not fully represent our system and will over or under predict these values because of it. 4.4.2 Investigating Correlations for the Interfacial Area (a) The second step to the overall Kla correlation was to find an interfacial area correlation that could predict the value used in our previous Kla result and this is what proved the most difficult. For our assumed a-value, in the first step, we used 7 cm2 as the interfacial area for our calculation. This was done based off estimations that added the 54PDF Image | Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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