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Chapter 5: Conclusions The scCO2 extraction system was repeatedly run at varying parameters to determine the effects of pressure, initial concentration of butanol, and mass flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide on the extraction rate and mass transfer coefficient of the system. Standard solutions for the Gas Chromatograph were continuously checked with samples from runs to ensure that the analysis of the samples were consistent. Multiple runs under each condition were completed for validation of results and error analysis was propagated through the analysis of the results. Our conclusions revolve around three things: the running of the experiment, the extraction capabilities of the system, and the models to predict the mass transfer coefficient and predicted extraction rate. Through running the system over the course of a few months, ways in which to improve the system were found and some implemented. We recommend keeping the heating jacket on the reactor set to 40 oC while depressurizing to help prevent the carbon dioxide exiting the reactor from freezing over the line. A heating strip was added to the line used to depressurize the system to also help prevent freezing in the line. However, depressurizing the system still takes over 30 minutes to complete and should be completed slowly until below 1000 PSI in the reactor when the carbon dioxide is mostly in gaseous form. In order to prevent loss of butanol from the system we ran sample jars in series to prevent butanol from being vented out of the system. Additionally, to increase mass transfer of butanol from the carbon dioxide stream exiting the reactor to the methanol in the sample jars, diffusers were attached to the lines into the sample jars. The amount of methanol for the later sample jars (past 30 minutes) should be reduced to at least half the normal amount since the amount of butanol extracted is minimal and will be too diluted in a 100g of methanol for the GC to analyze. Due to the limitations of the pump and the extraction rate of butanol we recommend that the system be run for 30 minutes. The extraction rate of the system was determined as the mass transfer rate of butanol from the aqueous butanol solution to the supercritical carbon dioxide. This was measured via analyzing the butanol collected in the methanol present in the sample jars using the Gas Chromatograph. Throughout the completed runs, approximately 80% of the initial amount of butanol present was extracted in the first 30 minutes of the experiment. 59PDF Image | Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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