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Recycling the anode compartment is another potential way to increase the conductivity of the water in the anode compartment and enhance module performance using KW-city water. After one twenty minute polarity cycle the water from the anode compartment was continuously recycled over the next six polarity cycles that lasted fifteen minutes. The evaluation found the anolyte reached equilibrium after two polarity cycles as the average resistance in the module became consistent at 0.6 ohms and the conductivity of the anolyte measured an average of 840 μS/cm. This increases the water conductivity by almost 60%. Equations 4-8 show that CO2 in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate is removed from seawater and replaced with a strong hydroxide base to produce a combined water solution having a pH that can be or is greater than or equal to the original seawater solution. The average salinity and pH of KW seawater measures the same on an annual basis. However the pH has measured as low as 7.78 in June and as high as 8.3 in April (Table 3) during E-CEM evaluations. Table 3. Electrochemical Acidification Cell Operating Configuration Date of Measurement April 2016 April 2016 June 2016 June 2016 February 2017 February 2017 Solution Seawater Combine Seawater Combine Seawater Combine pH 8.3 Effluent from E-CEM 9.3 Effluent from E-CEM Effluent from E-CEM 7.8 9.0 to 9.1 - 9.7 to 10 This significant pH change along with difference in pH between the RO water (pH= 8.08) and the KW-city water (pH= 9.28) will influence the overall combined effluent discharge pH from the E-CEM. Table 3 compares the E-CEM effluent pH during three separate E-CEM evaluations. The Table shows that on average the effluent discharge is 1 to 1.2 pH units higher than the initial seawater fed to the E-CEM. The highest recorded was pH=10 and very little change in effluent pH was measured using KW-city water verses RO water as the electrode feed. Since seawater pH and salinity effect the overall effluent discharge from the E-CEM further operational parameters will be characterized to identify future operating standards to ensure that the prototype E-CEM combined effluents meet both the Federal and Florida State discharge pH limit of 9.5. Experimental methods are currently being evaluated that have brought the pH of the cathode effluent down by as much as 0.3. The effect on the overall effluent discharge will be the subject of short term future evaluations. 6.1.2 E-CEM Free Chlorine Effluent as a Function of Electrode Water Source The anolyte and catholyte waters fed to the electrode compartments of the E-CEM located at NRL-KW has always been produced from an RO system. Key West-city water will be used as the anolyte and catholyte for the prototype E-CEM. Typically city drinking water can contain up to 4.0 mg/L of free chlorine. Free chlorine is defined as residual chlorine present in water as 15PDF Image | Extraction CO2 H2 in Seawater Electrolytic Cation Exchange
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