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Table 1-1 Summary of Major Differences of the Fuel Cell Types PEFC AFC PAFC MCFC SOFC Electrolyte Hydrated Polymeric Ion Exchange Membranes Mobilized or Immobilized Potassium Hydroxide in asbestos matrix Immobilized Liquid Phosphoric Acid in SiC Immobilized Liquid Molten Carbonate in LiAlO2 Perovskites (Ceramics) Electrodes Carbon Transition metals Carbon Nickel and Nickel Oxide Perovskite and perovskite / metal cermet Catalyst Interconnect Operating Temperature Charge Carrier Platinum Carbon or metal 40 – 80 °C H+ Platinum Metal 65°C – 220 °C OH- Platinum Graphite 205 °C H+ Electrode material Stainless steel or Nickel 650 °C CO3= Electrode material Nickel, ceramic, or steel 600-1000 °C O= External Reformer for hydrocarbon fuels Yes Yes Yes No, for some fuels No, for some fuels and cell designs External shift conversion of CO to hydrogen Yes, plus purification to remove trace CO Yes, plus purification to remove CO and CO2 Yes No No Prime Cell Components Carbon-based Carbon-based Graphite-based Stainless- based Ceramic Product Water Management Evaporative Evaporative Evaporative Gaseous Product Gaseous Product Product Heat Management Process Gas + Liquid Cooling Medium Process Gas + Electrolyte Circulation Process Gas + Liquid cooling medium or steam generation Internal Reforming + Process Gas Internal Reforming + Process Gas In parallel with the classification by electrolyte, some fuel cells are classified by the type of fuel used: • Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFC). DAFC (or, more commonly, direct methanol fuel cells or DMFC) use alcohol without reforming. Mostly, this refers to a PEFC-type fuel cell in which methanol or another alcohol is used directly, mainly for portable applications. A more detailed description of the DMFC or DAFC is provided in Chapter 3; 1-8PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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