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Other characteristics that fuel cells and fuel cell plants offer are: • Direct energy conversion (no combustion) • No moving parts in the energy converter • Quiet • Demonstrated high availability of lower temperature units • Siting ability • Fuel flexibility • Demonstrated endurance/reliability of lower temperature units • Good performance at off-design load operation • Modular installations to match load and increase reliability • Remote/unattended operation • Size flexibility • Rapid load following capability General negative features of fuel cells include • Market entry cost high; Nth cost goals not demonstrated. • Endurance/reliability of higher temperature units not demonstrated. • Unfamiliar technology to the power industry. • No infrastructure. Table 1-2 Summary of Major Fuel Constituents Impact on PEFC, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC Gas Species H2 CH4 CO2 & H2O S as (H2S & COS) PEFC Fuel Diluent Diluent No Studies to date (11) AFC Fuel Poison Poison Poison PAFC Fuel Diluent Diluent Poison (<50 ppm) MCFC Fuel Diluentb Diluent Poison (<0.5 ppm) SOFC Fuel Fuela Diluent Poison (<1.0 ppm) CO Poison (reversible) (50 ppm per stack) Poison Poison (<0.5%) Fuela Fuel a a fuel at the electrode. b 1.7 In reality, CO, with H2O, shifts to H2 and CO2, and CH4, with H2O, reforms to H2 and CO faster than reacting as A fuel in the internal reforming MCFC. Advantages/Disadvantages The fuel cell types addressed in this handbook have significantly different operating regimes. As a result, their materials of construction, fabrication techniques, and system requirements differ. These distinctions result in individual advantages and disadvantages that govern the potential of 1-14PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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