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Figure 2-8 The Variation in the Reversible Cell Voltage as a Function of Reactant Utilization (Fuel and oxidant utilizations equal) in a MCFC at 650°C and 1 atm. Fuel gas: 80% H2/20% CO2 saturated with H2O at 25°C; oxidant gas: 60% CO2/30% O2/10% inert) The reversible potential at 650°C (1200°F) and 1 atmosphere pressure is plotted as a function of reactant utilization (fuel and oxidant utilizations are equal) for inlet gas compositions of 80% H2/20% CO2 saturated with H2O at 25°C (77°F) (fuel gas6) and 60% CO2/30% O2/10% inerts (oxidant gas); gas compositions and utilizations are listed in Table 2-4. Note that the oxidant composition is based on a gas of 2/1 CO2 to O2. The gas is not representative of the cathode inlet gas of a modern system, but is used for illustrative purposes only. The mole fractions of H2 and CO in the fuel gas decrease as the utilization increases, and the mole fractions of H2O and CO2 show the opposite trend. At the cathode, the mole fractions of O2 and CO2 decrease with an increase in utilization because they are both consumed in the electrochemical reaction. The reversible cell potential plotted in Figure 2-8 is calculated from the equilibrium compositions for the water gas shift reaction at the cell outlet. An analysis of the data in the figure indicates that a change in utilization from 20% to 80% will cause a decrease in the reversible potential of about 0.158 V. These results show that MCFCs operating at high utilization will suffer a large voltage loss because of the magnitude of the Nernst term. An analysis by Cairns and Liebhafsky (7) for a H2/air fuel cell shows that a change in the gas composition that produces a 60 mV change in the reversible cell potential near room temperature corresponds to a 300 mV change at 1200°C (2192°F). Thus, gas composition changes are more significant in high temperature fuel cells. 6. Anode inlet composition is 64.5% H2/6.4% CO2/13% CO/16.1% H2O after equilibration by water gas shift reaction. 2-23PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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