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In stacks using circulating electrolytes, parasitic currents might occur. All cells are connected via the electrolyte stream to all other cells, producing high voltages between the electrodes. Parasitic current not only lowers the stack performance, but can also harm the electrodes. Fortunately, this issue can be resolved easily by using a special electrode frame design with long, narrow electrolyte channels. Some developers have investigated a direct methanol alkaline cell to circumnavigate hydrocarbon fuel separator issues. These cells exhibit a reduced performance, and have not been as thoroughly investigated as the hydrogen-fueled cells. The unusual economics for remote power applications (i.e., space, undersea, and military applications) result in the cell itself not being strongly constrained by cost. The consumer and industrial markets, however, require the development of low-cost components if the AFC is to successfully compete with alternative technologies. Much of the recent interest in AFCs for mobile and stationary terrestrial applications has addressed the development of low-cost cell components. In this regard, carbon-based porous electrodes play a prominent role (6). It remains to be demonstrated whether alkaline cells will prove commercially viable for the transportation sector. Reference (7) provides an in-depth view of the development history and the potential of alkaline technology for terrestrial application. Figures 4-1 and 4-2 depict the operating configuration of the H2/O2 alkaline fuel cell (8) and a H2/air cell (9). In both, the half-cell reactions are: H2 + 2OH ̄ → 2H2O + 2e ̄ (Anode) (4-1) 1⁄2O2 + H2O + 2e ̄ → 2OH ̄ (Cathode) (4-2) Hydroxyl ions, OH ̄ , are the conducting species in the electrolyte. The equivalent overall cell reaction is: H2 + 1⁄2O2 → H2O + electric energy + heat (4-3) Since KOH has the highest conductance among the alkaline hydroxides, it is the preferred electrolyte. 4-3PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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