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Figure 4-6 Influence of Temperature on the AFC Cell Voltage Source: Figure 6, p. 889, reference (23). 4.2.3 EffectofImpurities Carbon dioxide was the only impurity of concern in the data surveyed. AFCs with immobilized electrolytes suffer a considerable performance loss with reformed fuels containing CO2 and from the presence of CO2 in air (typically ~350 ppm CO2 in ambient air). The negative impact of CO2 arises from its reaction with OH ̄ CO2 + 2OH ̄ → CO3= + H2O (4-7) producing the following effects: 1) reduced OH ̄ concentration, interfering with kinetics; 2) electrolyte viscosity increase, resulting in lower diffusion rate and lower limiting currents; 3) precipitation of carbonate salts in the porous electrode, reducing mass transport; 4) reduced oxygen solubility, and 5) reduced electrolyte conductivity. In the case of circulating liquid electrolytes, the situation is not as critical, but is still significant. The influence of CO2 on air cathodes (0.2 mg Pt/cm2 supported on carbon black) in 6N KOH at 50 °C can be ascertained by analysis of the performance data presented in Figure 4-7 (25). To obtain these data, the electrodes were operated continuously at 32 mA/cm2, and current-voltage performance curves were periodically measured. Performance in both CO2-free air and CO2- containing air showed evidence of degradation with time. However, with CO2-free air the performance remained much more constant after 2,000 to 3,000 hours of operation. Later tests, however, showed that this drop in performance was caused purely by mechanical destruction of 4-11PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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