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5. PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELL The phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) was the first fuel cell technology to be commercialized. The number of units built exceeds any other fuel cell technology, with over 85 MW of demonstrators that have been tested, are being tested, or are being fabricated worldwide. Most of the plants are in the 50 to 200 kW capacity range, but large plants of 1 MW and 5 MW have been built. The largest plant operated to date achieved 11 MW of grid quality ac power (1, 2). Major efforts in the U.S. are concentrated on the improvement of PAFCs for stationary, dispersed power plants and on-site cogeneration power plants. The major industrial participants are UTC Fuel Cells in the U.S. and Fuji Electric Corporation, Toshiba Corporation, and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in Japan. Figure 5-1 depicts the operating configuration of the phosphoric acid cell. The electrochemical reactions occurring in PAFCs are H2 →2H+ +2e− at the anode, and 12O2 +2H+ +2e− →H2O at the cathode. The overall cell reaction is (5-1) (5-2) (5-3) 12O2 +H2 →H2O The electrochemical reactions occur on highly dispersed electro-catalyst particles supported on carbon black. Platinum (Pt) or Pt alloys are used as the catalyst at both electrodes. 5-1PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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