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e- Field Anode Current Collector Anode Backing Hydrogen Flow Air (oxygen) Flow Field e- Water and Air Cathode Current Collector Hydrogen Outlet Electrons Protons MEA Cathode Backing Figure 5-1 Principles of Operation of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (Courtesy of UTC Fuel Cells) 5.1 Cell Components 5.1.1 State-of-the-ArtComponents There have been only minor changes in cell design in recent years. The major U.S. manufacturer, UTC Fuel Cells, has concentrated on improving cell stability and life, and in improving the reliability of system components at reduced cost. The evolution of cell components from 1965 to the present day for PAFCs is summarized in Table 5-1. In the mid-1960s, the conventional porous electrodes were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - bonded Pt black, and the loadings were about 9 mg Pt/cm2. During the past two decades, Pt supported on carbon black has replaced Pt black in porous PTFE-bonded electrode structures as the electro-catalyst. A dramatic reduction in Pt loading has also occurred; the loadings13 are currently about 0.10 mg Pt/cm2 in the anode and about 0.50 mg Pt/cm2 in the cathode. The operating temperatures and acid concentrations of PAFCs have increased to achieve higher cell performance; temperatures of about 200 °C (392 °F) and acid concentrations of 100 percent H3PO4 are commonly used today. Although the present practice is to operate at atmospheric pressure, the operating pressure of PAFCs surpassed 8 atm in the 11 MW electric utility demonstration plant, confirming an increase in power plant efficiency. However, a number of 13. Assuming a cell voltage of 750 mV at 205 mA/cm2 (approximate 11 MW design, 8 atmospheres) and the current Pt loadings at the anode and cathode, ~54 g Pt is required per kilowatt of power generated. 5-2PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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