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Figure 5-7 Effect of H2S Concentration: Ultra-High Surface Area Pt Catalyst (37) Elemental sulfur (in Equation (5-15) is expected on Pt electrodes only at high anodic potentials; at sufficiently high potentials, sulfur is oxidized to SO2. The extent of catalyst masking by H2S increases with increasing H2S concentration, electrode potential, and exposure time. The effect of H2S, however, decreases with increasing cell temperature. Other Compounds: The effects of other compounds (such as those containing nitrogen) on PAFC performance has been adequately reviewed by Benjamin, et al. (35). Molecular nitrogen acts as a diluent but other nitrogen compounds (e.g., NH3, HCN, NOX) may not be as innocuous. NH3 in the fuel or oxidant gases reacts with H3PO4 to form a phosphate salt, (NH4)H2PO4, H3PO4 + NH3 → (NH4)H2PO4 (5-16) which decreases the rate of O2 reduction. A concentration of less than 0.2 mol percent (NH4)H2PO4 must be maintained to avoid unacceptable performance losses (44). Consequently, the amount of molecular nitrogen must be limited to 4 percent because it will react with hydrogen to form NH3 (3). The effects of HCN and NOX on fuel cell performance have not been clearly established. 5.2.5 EffectsofCurrentDensity The voltage that can be obtained from a PAFC is reduced by ohmic, activation, and concentration losses that increase with increasing current density. The magnitude of this loss can be approximated by the following equations: ∆VJ (mV) = -0.53 ∆J for J= 100 to 200 mA/cm2 (5-17) ∆VJ (mV) = -0.39 ∆J for J= 200 to 650 mA/cm2 (5-18) 5-19PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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