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Thus, a tenfold increase in cell pressure corresponds to an increase of 46 mV in the reversible cell potential at 650 °C. Increasing the operating pressure of MCFCs results in enhanced cell voltages because of the increase in the partial pressure of the reactants, increase in gas solubilities, and increase in mass transport rates. Opposing the benefits of increased pressure are the effects of pressure on undesirable side reactions such as carbon deposition (Boudouard reaction): 2CO → C + CO2 and methane formation (methanation) CO + 3H2 → CH4 + H2O In addition, decomposition of CH4 to carbon and H2 is possible CH4 → C + 2H2 (6-14) (6-15) (6-16) but this reaction is suppressed at higher pressure. According to Le Chatelier’s principle, an increase in pressure will favor carbon deposition by Equation (6-14)26 and methane formation by Equations (6-15) and (6-16) (51). The water-gas shift reaction (52)27 CO2 +H2 ↔CO+H2O (6-17) is not affected by an increase in pressure because the number of moles of gaseous reactants and products in the reaction is identical. Carbon deposition in an MCFC is to be avoided because it can lead to plugging of the gas passages in the anode. Methane formation is detrimental to cell performance because the formation of each mole consumes three moles of H2, which represents a considerable loss of reactant and would reduce power plant efficiency. The addition of H2O and CO2 to the fuel gas modifies the equilibrium gas composition so that the formation of CH4 is not favored. Increasing the partial pressure of H2O in the gas stream can 26. Data from translation of Russian literature (51) indicate the equilibrium constant is almost independent of pressure. 27. Data from translation of Russian literature (52) indicate the equilibrium constant K is a function of pressure. In relative terms, if K (627 °C) = 1 at 1 atm, it decreases to 0.74K at 500 atm and 0.60K at 1000 atmospheres. At the operating pressures of the MCFC, the equilibrium constant can be considered invariant with pressure. 6-16PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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