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ions are transported through the electrolyte structure to the anode during cell operation. At the anode, SO4= is reduced to S=, thus increasing the concentration of S= there. Figure 6-11 Influence of 5 ppm H2S on the Performance of a Bench Scale MCFC (10 cm x 10 cm) at 650 °C, Fuel Gas (10 percent H2/5 percent CO2/10 percent H2O/75 percent He) at 25 percent H2 Utilization (78, Figure 4, Pg. 443) Based on the present understanding of the effect of sulfur on MCFCs, and with the available cell components, it is projected that long-term operation (40,000 hr) of MCFCs may require fuel gases with sulfur35 levels of the order 0.01 ppm or less, unless the system is purged of sulfur at periodic intervals or sulfur is scrubbed from the cell burner loop (76). Sulfur tolerance would be approximately 0.5 ppm (see Table 6-3) in the latter case. Considerable effort has been devoted to develop low-cost techniques for sulfur removal, and research and development are continuing (80, 81). The effects of H2S on cell voltage are reversible if H2S concentrations are present at levels below which nickel sulfide forms. Halides: Halogen-containing compounds are destructive to MCFCs because they can lead to severe corrosion of cathode hardware. Thermodynamic calculations (82) show that HCl and HF react with molten carbonates (Li2CO3 and K2CO3) to form CO2, H2O, and the respective alkali halides. Furthermore, the rate of electrolyte loss in the cell is expected to increase because of the high vapor pressure of LiCl and KCl. The concentration of Cl- species in coal-derived fuels is typically in the range 1 to 500 ppm. It has been suggested (83) that the level of HCl should be kept below 1 ppm in the fuel gas, perhaps below 0.5 ppm (47), but the tolerable level for long-term operation has not been established. Nitrogen Compounds: Compounds such as NH3 and HCN do not appear to harm MCFCs (70, 79) in small amounts. However, if NOX is produced by combustion of the anode effluent in the cell burner loop, it could react irreversibly with the electrolyte in the cathode compartment to form nitrate salts. The projection by Gillis (84) for NH3 tolerance of MCFCs was 0.1 ppm, but Table 6- 3 indicates that the level could be 1 vol percent (47). 35. Both COS and CS2 appear to be equivalent to H2S in their effect on MCFCs (76). 6-29PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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