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Compressive Seals A hermetic seal is achieved by pressing the seal material between the surfaces to be sealed. The seal material must be elastic over the operating temperature range, and sufficiently soft to fill the micro-roughness on the surfaces to be sealed. Compressive seals offer several advantages (29): • Mechanically “de-couple” adjacent stack components, thus reducing thermal stress during cycling • Thermal expansion matching requirements between cell components may be somewhat relaxed (though electrical contact considerations may still require this) • Some are easy and inexpensive to fabricate However, there are also barriers to overcome (29): • Difficult to achieve a hermetic seal with some materials unless “soft seat” interlayer is provided • Few materials and structures are compliant and provide a hermetic seal at the operating temperatures • A load frame is required to provide compression to all seals. This type of hardware is potentially bulky and expensive. If (portions of the) load frame must be kept at lower temperatures than the stack itself, packaging and insulation is significantly complicated, especially if multiple stacks are to be combined for larger-capacity systems • Other stack components must be designed to withstand prolonged pressure. This can be a challenge, given that creep strength of the metals used in the interconnect is typically very low (in the 700 to 800 °C operating temperature range typical for state-of-the-art planar cells) • To the extent that electrical contact between cell components depends on controlled pressure, balancing these pressure requirements with those of the seal can be a challenge for the cell designer Recently, mica and hybrid mica seals have been developed as a viable technology. Mica seals were found to have many desirable characteristics, such as the ability to withstand thermal cycling, but exhibited unacceptable leak rates. When a thin layer of glass is inserted on either side of the seal to fill the voids between the seal and the other stack components, the leak rate was substantially reduced while other desirable properties were retained. Figure 7-8 shows the leak rate can be reduced to about 0.05 to 0.2 sccm/cm (which translates into less than 1 percent of the fuel for typical 10 cm x 10 cm cells) for at least several dozen cycles. While this progress is encouraging, the long-term physical and chemical stability of all seal types considered for SOFC still require additional improvement. 7-12PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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