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Figure 7-11 Schematic cross-section of cylindrical Siemens Westinghouse SOFC Tube. To make a tubular SOFC, the cathode tube is fabricated first by extrusion and sintering. As shown in Table 7-1, it has a porosity of 30 to 40 percent to permit rapid transport of reactant and product gases to the cathode/electrolyte interface where the electrochemical reactions occur. The electrolyte is applied to the cathode tubes by electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD), which for many years has been the heart of Siemens Westinghouse technology (37). In this technique, metal chloride vapor is introduced on one side of the tube surface, and O2/H2O is introduced on the other side. The gas environments on both sides of the tube act to form two galvanic couples, as described in Equations 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3. MeCly + 1⁄2yO= MeOy/2 + 1⁄2yCl2 + ye- 1⁄2O2 +2e- O= H2O + 2e- H2 + O= (7-1) (7-2) (7-3) The net result is the formation of a dense, uniform metal oxide layer in which the deposition rate is controlled by the diffusion rate of ionic species and the concentration of electronic charge carriers. This procedure is used to fabricate the solid YSZ electrolyte. The anode consists of metallic Ni and YSZ. The latter inhibits sintering of the metal particles, with thermal expansion comparable to the other cell materials. The anode structure is fabricated with a porosity of 20-40 percent to facilitate mass transport of reactant and product gases. 7-16PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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