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fuel utilization for a SOFC that operates on this reference fuel and pure O2 or air as oxidant (25 percent utilization). The cell voltage decreases with an increase in the fuel utilization at constant current density. Insufficient data are available in the figure to determine whether temperature has a significant effect on the change in cell voltage with utilization. However, the data do suggest that a larger voltage decrease occurs at 1,000 °C than at 800 or 900 °C. Based on this and other data (48, 49), the voltage gain at T = 1,000 °C and with air is defined by Equation (7-17): ∆ VAnode = 172 log (PH2 / PH2 O )2 (7-17) (PH2 /PH2O)1 Figure 7-19 Variation in Cell Voltage as a Function of Fuel Utilization and Temperature (Oxidant (o - Pure O2; ∆ - Air) Utilization is 25 percent . Current Density is 160 mA/cm2 at 800, 900 and 1,000 °C and 79 mA/cm2 at 700 °C) Effect of Impurities Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and ammonia (NH3) are impurities typically found in coal gas. Some of these substances may harm the performance of SOFCs. Early experiments (57) used a simulated oxygen-blown coal gas containing 37.2 percent CO/34.1 percent H2/0.3 percent CH4 /14.4 percent CO2/13.2 percent H2O/0.8 percent N2. These experiments showed no degradation in the presence of 5,000 ppm NH3. An impurity level of 1 ppm HCl also showed no detectable degradation. H2S levels of 1 ppm resulted in an immediate performance drop, but this loss soon stabilized into a normal linear degradation. Figure 7-2020 shows the performance of the experimental cell over time (50). Additional experiments showed that removing H2S from the fuel stream returned the cell to nearly its original level. It was also found that maintaining an impurity level of 5,000 ppm NH3 and 1 ppm HCl, but decreasing the H2S level to 0.1 ppm eliminated any detrimental effect due to the presence of sulfur, even though, as mentioned above, 1 ppm H2S caused virtually no degradation. 7-28PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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