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∆Vj(mV) = -0.73∆J (T = 1000 °C) (7-19) where J is the current density (mA/cm2) at which the cell is operating. Air electrode-supported (AES) cells by Siemens Westinghouse exhibit the performance depicted in Figure 7-. Figure 7-21 Voltage-Current Characteristics of an AES Cell (1.56 cm Diameter, 50 cm Active Length) Effect of Cell Life The endurance of the cell stack is of primary concern for SOFCs. As SOFC technology has continued to approach commercialization, research in this area has increased and improvements made. The Siemens Westinghouse state-of-the-art tubular design has been validated by continuous electrical testing of over 69,000 hours with less than 0.5 percent voltage degradation per 1,000 hours of operation. This tubular design is based on the early calcia-stabilized zirconia porous support tube (PST). In the current technology, the PST has been eliminated and replaced by a doped lanthanum manganite air electrode tube. These air electrode-supported (AES) cells have shown a power density increase of approximately 33 percent over the previous design. Siemens Westinghouse AES cells have shown less than 0.2 % voltage degradation per 1,000 hours in a 25 kW stack operated for over 44,000 hours (23,56), and negligible degradation in the 100 kW stack operated in the Netherlands and Germany (>16,000 hours). Summary of Equations for Tubular SOFC The preceding discussion provided parametric performance based on various referenced data at different operating conditions. It is suggested that the following set of equations could be used for performance adjustments unless the reader prefers other data or correlations. 7-30PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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