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(a) Delphi • 30 cells x 106 cm2 • 3.5 liter, 13 kg (b) Fuel Cell Energy • 4x20cellsx121cm2 (c) Forschungs Zentrum Jülich • 60 x cells 361 cm2 On humidified Hydrogen • 13.3 kWel • 0.74 mA/cm2 at 0.83 V (0.6 W/cm2) • 700 °C On simulated reformate • 11.9 kWel • 0.74 mA/cm2 at 0.74 V (0.55 W/cm2) • 720 °C Figure 7-26 Examples of State-of-the-Art Planar Anode-Supported SOFC Stacks and Their Performance Characteristics (68,79,78) The stack performance lags behind the impressive performance demonstrated at the cell level. Results reported by Delphi are typical (Figure 7-27). Of course, the very high numbers for single cells (1.8 W/cm2) were obtained with pure reactants, humidified hydrogen as a fuel, and with very low utilization. But still, if the performance in single cells were corrected for the operating conditions prevalent in a full cell at about 80 percent utilization with real reformate (data in Figure 7-27 represent a more modest level of utilization and idealized fuels), a power density of between 600 and 800 mW/cm2 may be expected. However, measured power densities in multi- cell stacks (note Figure 7-27 shows only single-cell stacks) for such conditions range from 300 to 400 mW/cm2. Most of this discrepancy stems from high contact resistance caused by deterioration of the electrodes and the electrical interface with the interconnects. 7-40PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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