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Figure 7-28 Siemens Westinghouse 250 kW Tubular SOFC Installation (31) The question then arises how these stack technologies could be used to create systems with capacities ranging from 200 kW to at least 20 MW. One approach would be to simply combine ~5 kW stacks in a modular fashion into a larger system. However, as recent studies have implied, this would lead to rather complex manifolding arrangements of very large numbers of cells (a 1 MW system would require at least 200 5 kW stacks). Although feasible, the complexity, cost, and pressure loss associated with such massive modularization are not trivial. Scaling up cells and individual single stacks may have limits based on fundamental considerations: • The larger the cells, the more severe the effects of CTE mismatches. • As cells are scaled up, pressure drop will increase unless flow channels are made higher. Higher flowchannels will increase the cell resistance and, in most designs, increase the material intensity of the stack. • Scaling up the cells for certain applications makes it more difficult to mass-customize stack technology for a broad range of applications with different capacity requirements. • Increasing the number of cells has its limits because of mechanical stability concerns. • As the number of cells increases, minor imperfections in cell geometry (e.g. flatness) will lead to maldistributions of the contact or sealing pressure inside the stacks. • Manifolding the gas flow evenly to all cell levels will become difficult. 7-42PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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