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7.3 System Considerations System design depends strongly on fuel type, application, and required capacity, but the stack has several important impacts on the system design and configuration: • The stack operating temperature range, degree of internal reforming, operating voltage, and fuel utilization determine the air cooling flow required, as well as level of recuperation required. This determines specifications for the blower or compressors and the thermal management system. • The stack geometry and sealing arrangement typically determine stack pressure drop and maximum operating pressure, which can influence the system design especially in hybrid systems. • The stack’s sulfur tolerance determines the specifications of the desulfurization system. • The degree of internal reforming that the stack can accept influences the choice and design of the reformer. 7.4 References 1. Singhal, S.C. and K. Kendall, eds., “High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications”. 1st ed. 2003, Elsevier Ltd.: Oxford, UK. 2. Nernst, W., Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Elektrischen Glühlicht. 1897: Deutschland., DRP 104 872 3. Baur, E. and H. Preis, Zeitung für Elektrochemie, 1937. 43: p. 727 - 732. 4. Wang, S., T. Kobayashi, M. Dokiya, and T. Hashimoto, J. Electrochemical Society, p. 3606, v. 147 (10), (2000). 5. Huang, K., R.S. Tichy, and J. B. Goodenough, J. American Ceramics Society, p. 2565, v. 81 (10), (1998). 6. Arachi, Y., H. Sakai, O. Yamamoto, Y. Takeda, and N. Imanishi, Solid State Ionics, p. 133, v. 122, (1999). 7. NexTech Materials, Ltd. Website, http://www.fuelcellmaterials.com 8. Swartz, S.L., “Low Cost Manufacturing of Multi-Layer Ceramic Fuels,” paper presented at Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance 2nd Annual Workshop Proceedings, March 2001, http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/seca/swartz.pdf 9. Goodenough, J.B. and K. Huang, “Lanthanum Gallate as a New SOFC Electrolyte”, ProceedingstheFuelCells’97ReviewMeeting. http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/procedings/97/97fc/FC5-5.pdf 10. Bonanos, N., B. Ellis, and M.N. Mahood, Solid State Ionics, 1991. 44: p. 305 - 311. 11. Iwahara, H., et al., Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1993. 137(2): p. 462 - 465. 12. Kuzin, B., et al. in 5th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-V). 1997: Electrochemical Society. 13. Coors, G.W., R. Sidwell, and F. Anderson. Sixth European Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Forum. 2004. Luzern, der Schweiz: European Fuel Cell Forum. 14. Möbius, H.-H., History, in High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications, S.C. Singhal and K. Kendall, Editors. 2003, Elsevier Ltd.: Oxford, UK. p. 23 - 51. 15. Spacil, H.S. 1970: U.S. Pat No. 3,558,360. 16. Singhal, S.C., et al., Anode Development for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. 1986, United States Department of Energy: Pittsburgh, PA. 7-45PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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