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Table 8-4 Typical Coal Gas Compositions for Selected Oxygen-Blown Gasifiers Gasifier Type Manufacturer Coal Moving-Bed Lurgi (20) Illinois No. 6 Fluidized-Bed Winkler Texas Lignite Entrained-Bed Destec Appalachian Bit. Koppers- Totzek Illinois No. 6 Texaco Illinois No. 6 Shell Illinois No. 6 Mole Percent Ar trace CH4 3.3 4.6 0.6 - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - 0.2 - - - - - 33.1 45.2 43.8 39.6 63.1 15.5 8.0 4.6 10.8 1.5 - - 0.1 - 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 C2H4 C2H6 CO CO2 5.8 11.8 COS trace H2 16.1 H2O 61.8 28.3 33.9 21.1 30.3 26.7 9.8 27.5 16.5 2.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.7 4.1 0.2--- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.8 H2S 0.5 0.2 N2 0.1 0.6 NH3+ HCN 0.3 0.1 Total 100.0 100.0 Reference Sources: (26, 27) Note: All gasifier effluents are based on Illinois No. 6, except the Winkler, which is based on a Texas Lignite, and the Destec, which is based on an Appalachian Bituminous. Other Solid Fuel Processing: Solid fuels other than coal can be utilized in fuel cell systems. For example, biomass and RDF (refuse-derived-fuels) can be integrated into a fuel cell system as long as the gas product is processed to meet the requirements of the fuel cell. The resulting systems would be very similar to the coal gas system with appropriate gasifying and cleanup systems. However, because biomass gas products can be very low in sulfur, the acid cleanup systems may simply consist of large sulfur polishers. State-of-the-Art Components - Cleaning and Reformate Gas Alteration (Removal Of Contaminants): Besides their basic fuel reforming function, fuel processors require the removal of impurities that degrade the fuel processor or fuel cell performance. Sulfur is the major contaminant encountered. Carbon monoxide reduction for low temperature fuel cells and avoidance of carbon deposition are also addressed. A typical processing chain for a low temperature fuel cell will have a hydrodesulfurizer, a halogen guard, a zinc oxide sulfur absorber, a catalytic reformer, a high temperature shift converter, a second halogen guard, and low temperature shift converter. Figure 8-2 provides insight into how these may be arranged. The function of all these components, except the reformer, is to remove impurities. For the PEFC, an additional device is necessary to remove essentially all CO, such as a preferential oxidizer (28). Sulfur Reduction: There are high temperature and low temperature methods to remove sulfur from a fuel reformate. Low temperature cleanup, such as hydrodesulfurizing (limited to fuels 8-21PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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