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8.2.2 Fuel Cell Power Conversion for Supplying a Dedicated Load [2,3,4] Fuel cell power conversion for a 10kW stand-alone load is a representative example for distributed generation. Figure 8-7 shows the variation of fuel cell output voltage vs. load; fuel cell output DC voltage exhibits nearly 2:1 voltage range (Figure 8-7a). The power conversion unit must be capable of operating in this range and, in particular, be able to deliver rated power while regulating output voltage. Output from the power conversion unit is expected to be high quality power with less than 5 percent total harmonic distortion (THD). For domestic loads, a 5:1 or better peak to average power capability for tripping breakers and starting motors is desired. This puts an additional constraint on the design of the power conditioning unit for stand-alone loads. Table 8-5 shows a typical specification for a stand-alone fuel cell power conditioning unit. . Table 8-5: Specifications of a typical fuel cell power conditioning unit for stand-alone domestic (U.S.) loads Continuous output power: Output Phase (s): 10 kW continuous Split single-phase, each output rated for 0 to 5,000 VA, not to exceed 10,000 VA total Output voltage: 120V, 240V Sinusoidal AC. Output voltage tolerance no wider than ±6 percent over the full allowed line voltage and temperature ranges, from no-load to full-load. Frequency 60±0.1 Hz. Output frequency: 60Hz (U.S.) or 50Hz (Europe) with enough precision to run AC clock accuracy Fuel Cell Current Ripple: (Fuel cell dependent) 120 Hz ripple: < 15 percent from 10 to 100 percent load 60 Hz ripple: < 10 percent from 10 to 100 percent load 10 kHz and above: < 60 percent from 10 to 100 percent load Output THD: Acoustic Noise: Environment: Electromagnetic Interference Efficiency: Safety: < 5 percent No louder than conventional domestic refrigerator. Less than 50 dBA sound level measured 1.5 m from the unit. Suitable for indoor installation in domestic applications, 10 °C to 40 °C possible ambient range. Per FCC 18 Class A -- industrial Greater than 90 percent for 5kW resistive load The system is intended for safe, routine use in a home or small business by non-technical customers. Protection: Over current, over voltage, short circuit, over temperature, and under voltage. No damage caused by output short circuit. The inverter must shut down if the input voltage dips below the minimum input of 42 V. Inverter should not self-reset after a load-side fault. IEEE Standard 929 is a useful reference. Life: The system should function for at least ten years with routine maintenance when subjected to normal use in a 20 °C to 30 °C ambient environment. 8-29PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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