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modular systems employing high voltage insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are possible candidates. Figure 8-23 shows a possible power conditioning topology employing high voltage IGCT devices. It is envisioned that two fuel cell turbine hybrid systems with common dc-link are connected in series via their respective DC-DC converter stages to form a high voltage dc-link (6,000V). A neutral point clamped (NPC) type PWM inverter with 12 IGCT devices is employed to generate 4,160V three-phase AC voltage that is suitable for utility interface. Commercial IGCT based NPC inverters are widely available for powering variable speed medium voltage induction motors [21,22]. The stated technology is, therefore, viable. Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrid DC/DC Converter ++ Neutral Point Clamped Inverter with IGCT Devices Line Frequency Transformer 1:K Trans- former Medium Voltage Utility Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrid 1 DC/DC - Vo1 - Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrid 2 + DC/DC Vo2 + -- Figure 8-23 Possible medium voltage power conditioning topology for megawatt range hybrid fuel cell systems [19] 8.2.8 Fuel Cell Ripple Current An important variable in the design of the power conditioner for a fuel cell is the amount of ripple current the fuel cell can withstand. Since reactant utilization is known to impact the mechanical nature of a fuel cell, it is suggested [23] that the varying reactant conditions surrounding the cell (due to ripple current) govern, at least in part, the lifetime of the cells. Both the magnitude and frequency of the ripple current is important. For fuel cells powering single phase loads (60Hz), the ripple current of concern is twice the output frequency, i.e. 120Hz. A limit of 0.15 per unit (i.e. 15 percent of its rated current) from 10 to 100 percent load is specified [2]. In case of single phase inverters with dual output voltage (120V/240V), there is a possibility of 60Hz ripple current in the fuel cell under unbalanced loading conditions (i.e. one output phase loaded and the other unloaded). A limit of 0.1 per unit is specified for 60Hz ripple current from 10 to 100 percent load [2]. Further, the magnitude of the low frequency ripple current drawn from the fuel cell by the DC-DC converter is largely dependent on the voltage loop response characteristics. Also the dc-link capacitor size determines the 120Hz voltage ripple on the dc- link, which in turn has an impact on the input current drawn from the fuel cell. It should be noted that switching frequency components in the DC-DC converter can be easily filtered via a small high frequency capacitive filter. For balanced three phase AC loads at the inverter output, the possibility of low frequency components in the fuel cell input current is low. 8-43PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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