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Corrective measures for limiting fuel cell ripple current: The following corrective measures are suggested for limiting the fuel cell ripple current (especially for power conditioners with single phase AC output): Install an input filter, as in Figure 8-15, to filter the 120Hz component of the ripple current to 0.15 per unit: this approach contributes to additional size, weight, and cost of the unit. Increase the size of the dc-link capacitor in the DC-AC inverter: size, weight, and cost are of concern. Reduce the response time of the voltage loop of the DC-DC converter: this will affect the regulation of the dc-link and impact the quality of inverter AC output, and possibly increase the size of the output AC filter. 8.2.9 System Issues: Power Conversion Cost and Size 400V DC is required to produce 120V/240V AC. If a fuel cell can produce 400V DC, then only an inverter stage is required, resulting in lowest cost for power conditioning. Present day commercially available fuel cells produce low voltage (12V to 100V). Therefore, either a line frequency transformer to increase the AC voltage or a DC-DC converter to boost the DC voltage is required, adding to cost, weight, and volume. Figure 8-24 shows a representative cost per kW of the power conditioning unit, as the voltage and current values are varied for a certain power level. It is clear from this figure that extremes of voltage at low power and high current at high power levels does not result in an optimum design. In general, higher voltage levels are required at higher power outputs to minimize the cost of power conditioning hardware. The other issue is power density and size of power conditioning unit. Using higher switching frequency for power conversion should result in smaller size. However, the switching losses are higher and a design compromise becomes necessary. Employing power semiconductor devices with lower losses combined with active cooling methods should yield an optimum size. Power integrated circuits can also be considered for further size reduction and become viable, if the fuel cell systems are produced in high volume. Figure 8-24 Representative cost of power conditioning as a function of power and dc-link voltage 8-44PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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