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21. P. Lataire, “White Paper on the New ABB Medium Voltage Drive System, Using IGCT Power Semiconductors and Direct Torque Control”, EPE journal, Vol. 7, No. 3⁄4, December 1998, pp. 40-45. 22. J.P. Lyons. V. Vlatkovic, P.M. Espelage, F.H. Boettner, E. Larsen, (GE), “Innovation IGCT Main Drives”, IEEE IAS, Conf. Rec. 1999. 23. Randall S. Gemmen, “Analysis for the Effect of Inverter Ripple Current on Fuel Cell Operating Condition”, ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11, 2001, New York. 8.3 System Optimization The design and optimization of a fuel cell power system is very complex because of the number of required systems, components, and functions. Many possible design options and trade-offs affect unit capital cost, operating cost, efficiency, parasitic power consumption, complexity, reliability, availability, fuel cell life, and operational flexibility. Although a detailed discussion of fuel cell optimization and integration is not within the scope of this section, a few of the most common system optimization areas are examined. From Figure 8-25, it can be seen that the fuel cell itself has many trade-off options. A fundamental trade-off is determining where along the current density voltage curve the cell should operate. As the operating point moves up in voltage by moving (left) to a lower current density, the system becomes more efficient but requires a greater fuel cell area to produce the same amount of power. That is, by moving up the voltage current density line, the system will experience lower operating costs at the expense of higher capital costs. Many other parameters can be varied simultaneously to achieve the desired operating point. Some of the significant fuel cell parameters that can be varied are pressure, temperature, fuel composition and utilization, and oxidant composition and utilization. The system design team has a fair amount of freedom to manipulate design parameters until the best combination of variables is found. 8.3.1 Pressure Fuel cell pressurization is typical of many optimization issues, in that there are many interrelated factors that can complicate the question of whether to pressurize the fuel cell. Pressurization improves process performance at the cost of providing the pressurization. Fundamentally, the question of pressurization is a trade-off between the improved performance (and/or reduced cell area) and the reduced piping volume, insulation, and heat loss compared to the increased parasitic load and capital cost of the compressor and pressure-rated equipment. However, other factors can further complicate the issue. To address this issue in more detail, pressurization for an MCFC system will be examined. 8-46PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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