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stack. The fuel cell water product is liberated to the oxidant gas stream. The spent oxidant stream exits the fuel cell where a water separator removes much of this water, which is subsequently used to humidify the fuel gas prior to the entering the reformer. The spent oxidant and fuel streams are combusted in the reformer burner to provide heat for the endothermic reforming reactions. The reformer exhaust also provides heat to the vaporizer. Finally, the residual heat and pressure of this exhaust stream are used in the turbochargers to drive the air compressor. The fuel cell itself liberates heat that can be utilized for space heating or hot water. The reference article did not list any operating conditions of the fuel cell or of the cycle. The PEFC is assumed to operate at roughly 80 oC. Another recent article (14) published by Ballard shows numerous test results that were performed at 3 to 4 atmospheres where fuel utilizations of 75 to 85 percent have been achieved. Performance levels for an air fed PEFC are now in the range of 180 to 250 mW/cm2. Ballard Power Systems has performed field trials of 250 kW systems with select utility partners. Commercial production of stationary power systems is anticipated for the year 2002. Similarly sized transportation cycles also are anticipated for commercial production in the same year. 8.4.2 NaturalGasFueledPAFCSystem IFC has been marketing the PC25, a 200 kW atmospheric PAFC unit, since 1992. Details of this commercial cycle are proprietary and not available for publication. In order to discuss an example PAFC cycle, a pressurized (8 atm) 12 MW system will be presented (15). This cycle is very similar to the 11 MW IFC PAFC cycle that went into operation in 1991 in the Tokyo Electric Power Company system at the Goi Thermal Station, except that two performance enhancements have been incorporated. Limited data are available regarding the Goi power plant. However, it is understood that the average cell voltage is 750 mV and the fuel utilization is 80 percent (16). The enhanced 12 MW cycle presented here utilizes values of 760 mV and 86 percent. This enhanced cycle (Figure 8-27) is discussed below with selected gas compositions presented in Table 8-8. Natural gas (stream 100) is supplied at pressure and contains sulfur odorants for leak detection. A small hydrogen-rich recycle stream (stream 117) is mixed with the natural gas to hydrolyze the sulfur compounds to facilitate sulfur removal. The fuel stream (stream 102) is heated to 299 oC (570 oF) before entering the sulfur removal device. Superheated steam (stream 1) is mixed with the heated fuel to provide the required moisture for the reforming and the water gas shift reactions. The humidified stream (stream 105) is heated to approximately (705 oC) 1300 oF before entering the reformer. The effluent fuel stream (stream 107) leaves the reformer at approximately 760 oC (1400 oF) and is cooled in the heat exchanger used to preheat the humidified natural gas stream. This stream (stream 108) enters the high temperature shift converter (HTSC) at approximately 360 oC (680 oF), while leaving (stream 109) at about 415 oC (780 oF). The HTSC effluent is cooled in two heat exchangers before proceeding to the low temperature shift converter. A two-stage approach is utilized, allowing the HTSC to proceed at a faster rate, while the LTSC yields higher hydrogen concentrations. 8-53PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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