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Figure 8-34 Combined Brayton-Rankine Cycle Thermodynamics The Rankine cycle diagram placed adjacent the Brayton cycle in Figure 8-34 is indicated as a simple steam cycle with superheat, but no reheat and no multi-pressure steam generation. The thermodynamic advantage of the Rankine bottoming cycle is the lowered temperature of heat rejection, in the steam condenser, from the overall combined cycles. The performance of a SOFC system with a Brayton-Rankine bottoming cycle for heat and fuel recovery has been calculated. Gas turbine compressor and expander efficiencies of 83 percent and 89 percent and a steam turbine efficiency of 90 percent have been assumed. The significant operating conditions of the gas and steam turbines and the results of the computations are summarized in Table 8-26. The principal result is that the efficiency of the overall system, work output divided by the CH4 LHV, is increased from 57 percent for the fuel cell alone to 75 percent for the overall system. This combined Brayton-Rankine cycle heat-fuel recovery arrangement is significantly more complex and less efficient than the simple regenerative Brayton cycle approach. It does, however, eliminate the requirement for a large, high temperature gas to gas heat exchanger. The key link between the Brayton and the Rankine cycles is the heat recovery steam generator whose operation is illustrated by the temperature-heat (T-Q) plot in Figure 8-35. The temperatures of the gases and of the water, T, are plotted as a function of the heat, Q, transferred from the combustion product gases to the water-steam between their entrance and any point in the steam generator. The area between the temperature curves for the two flowing streams is an indication of the irreversibility, or loss in available work, resulting from the transfer of heat over a finite temperature difference. Reducing this area, moving the gas and steam curves closer, requires increased heat transfer surface area in the steam generator. Steam reheat and multi- pressure level heat recovery boilers are frequently proposed to minimize the loss in available work. 8-75PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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