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1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 gas leaving combustor CH4 fuel gas feed boiler water-steam Figure 8-37 T-Q Plot of Heat Recovery from Hot Exhaust Gas particular Rankine cycle fuel cell arrangement is significantly lower than in the previous combined Brayton-Rankine cycle arrangement. Increased surface area is, therefore, required in the heat recovery steam generator for this fuel cell Rankine cycle arrangement. These three approaches to reject heat and exhaust fuel recovery with power generation apply primarily to the higher temperature, solid oxide (1800 oF) and molten carbonate (1200 oF), fuel cell systems operating on CH4 fuel. The lower operating temperatures of the phosphoric acid (400 oF) and polymer electrolyte (175 oF) fuel cells severely limit the effectiveness of thermal cycle based power generation as a practical means of heat recovery. All three of the heat recovery arrangements have calculated overall efficiencies greater that 70 percent as indicated in Table 8-26. None have been optimized in any sense -- in terms of efficiency, capital and operating costs, maintainability or availability. Each of the arrangements has its advantages and disadvantages. It appears, however, that the regenerative Brayton cycle has the advantage of greatest simplicity and highest potential overall efficiency over the combined Brayton-Rankine and Rankine cycle approaches. The consideration of heat recovery and use in such fuel cell systems requires some consideration of heat generation and transfer within the cells of the system. Direct oxidation of CH4 at the anode of the cell, if possible, would implement the overall process: CH4 +2O2 =CO2 +2H2O(v) This reaction, having equal number of mols of gas reactants and products, has a negligible change in entropy and thus a negligible heat effect if carried out reversibly at constant temperature. The maximum work available from a fuel cell under these circumstances would then be approximately the enthalpy change of the reaction, i.e., the heat of combustion of the 8-78 T, Temperature of Streams, KPDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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