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• no gas turbine required, only fans for air and exhaust product gas flow. • steam available for cogeneration applications requiring heat. Disadvantages: • inherently lower efficiency than regenerative Brayton and combined Brayton-Rankine cycles. • requirement for cooling and feed water. • greater complexity than regenerative Brayton cycle arrangement. 8.5 Fuel Cell Networks 8.5.1 MoltenCarbonateFuelCellNetworks:Principles,Analysisand Performance The U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) sponsors the research and development of engineered systems which utilize domestic fuel supplies while achieving high efficiency, economy and environmental performance. One of the most promising electric power generation systems currently being sponsored by NETL is the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). NETL looked at improving upon conventional MCFC system designs, in which multiple stacks are typically arranged in parallel with regard to the flow of reactant streams. As illustrated in Figure 8-38a, the initial oxidant and fuel feeds are divided into equal streams which flow in parallel through the fuel cell stacks. In an improved design, called an MCFC network, reactant streams are ducted such that they are fed and recycled among multiple MCFC stacks in series. Figure 8-38b illustrates how the reactant streams in a fuel cell network flow in series from stack to stack. By networking fuel cell stacks, increased efficiency, improved thermal balance, and higher total reactant utilizations can be achieved. Networking also allows reactant streams to be conditioned at different stages of utilization. Between stacks, heat can be removed, streams can be mixed, and additional streams can be injected. Stacks in series approach reversibility. MCFC stack networks produce more power than conventional configurations because they more closely approximate a reversible process. To illustrate this fact, consider Figure 8-39, which compares the maximum power that could be generated by three different MCFC systems having identical feed stream compositions1. 8-82PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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