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Figure 8-40 MCFC Network Between stacks networked in series, heat can be removed from the reactant streams to assist in controlling stack temperatures. The heat in a network reactant stream can be transferred to a cooler process stream in a heat exchanger or hot and cold reactant streams can be mixed directly. The recovered heat may be utilized in a combined cycle or for cogeneration. Methane can be injected into fuel streams between stacks networked in series. Since the reforming of methane into hydrogen is endothermic, its careful distribution among stacks in series is expected to improve the thermal balance of the system by allowing waste heat to be more evenly consumed throughout the total utilization of reactants. Improved thermal balance should allow stacks to be operated nearer their maximum temperature, reducing ohmic voltage losses. However, injecting portions of the fuel feed between stacks in series decreases the Nernst potential of every stack except the last one, since less fuel passes through each stack. (The amount of fuel which passes through the last stack does not change.) Optimizing the system requires an evaluation of the point at which the benefits of improved thermal balance outweigh the reduction in Nernst potential associated with such fuel redistribution. 8.5.5 HigherTotalReactantUtilization The optimum total reactant utilization of stacks networked in series is higher than that of conventional, parallel stacks. Conventional designs avoid high utilization, because that would result in low voltages. In conventional configurations, the total utilization of reactants is accomplished in one stack. Therefore, when high utilizations are attempted, the low voltage which is generated adversely affects the total power production. In networks, however, the 8-87PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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