PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 366
Consider that raising the temperature of the system is the applied stress; the stress will be relieved when the reaction proceeds forward. Therefore, the reforming reaction is thermodynamically favored by high temperatures. (f) To solve this application of LeChâtelier's Principle, write the reforming reaction in terms of the number of gaseous molecules on the left and right sides. CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇔ 3H2(g) + CO(g) 2Molecules(g) ⇔ 4Molecules(g) Now imagine the reformer at equilibrium, and increase the pressure (the applied stress), then the reaction will try to proceed in a direction that will reduce the pressure (stress). Because a reduction in the number of molecules will reduce the stress, elevated pressure will tend to inhibit the reforming reaction. (Note: reformers often operate at moderate pressures, for operation at pressure will reduce the equipment size and cost. To compensate for this elevated pressure, the designer may be required to raise the temperature.) Example 9-9 Methane Reforming - Carbon Deposition Given the problem above, (a) List three potential coking (carbon deposition, or sooting) reactions, and (b) Considering LeChâtelier's Principle, indicate whether excess steam will tend to promote or inhibit the coking reactions. Solution: (a) Three of the most common/important carbon deposition equations are presented below. CH4 ⇔ C + 2H2 2CO ⇔ C + CO2 CO + H2 ⇔ C + H2O (Methane Coking) (Boudouard Coking) (CO Reduction) (b) Considering LeChâtelier's Principle, the addition of steam will clearly inhibit the formation of soot from the CO Reduction reaction. The introduction of excess steam will encourage the reaction to proceed towards the reactants, i.e., away from the products, of which water is one. Since water does not participate in the other two reactions, excess steam does not have a direct effect on either the Methane coking or the Boudouard coking reactions except that the presence of steam will dilute the reactant and product concentrations. Because neither reaction is equimolar with respect to gaseous species, the effect will be ambivalent; the Methane coking reaction will be driven forward while the Boudouard coking reaction will reverse. In addition, the reverse reaction of CO-reduction stimulated by excess steam will increase the presence of CO, driving the Boudouard coking reaction forward. Overall, the addition of steam is useful at preventing soot from ruining the expensive catalysts used in reformers and fuel cell systems. Too much steam, however, simply adds an unnecessary operating cost. 9-15PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
PDF Search Title:
Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)Original File Name Searched:
fuel-cell-handbook.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |