PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 367
Determination of the minimum steam to carbon ratio that will inhibit carbon deposition is of interest to the fuel cell system designer. The interested reader is referred to references (4), (5), and (6). The quantity of steam that would preclude the formation of soot based upon thermodynamic equilibrium could be calculated based on minimization of Gibbs free energy. However, it may not be necessary to add as much steam as is implied by this method. Although soot formation may be thermodynamically favored under certain conditions, the kinetics of the reaction can be so slow that sooting would not be a problem. Thus, the determination of sooting on a kinetic basis rather than equilibrium basis is of significant interest. The interested reader is referred to reference (6). When temperature drops to about 750 oC, kinetic limitations preclude sooting (7). However, above this point, the composition and temperature together determine whether sooting is kinetically precluded. Typically, steam reformers have operated with steam to carbon ratios of 2 to 3, depending on the operating conditions in order to provide an adequate safety margin. An example calculation presented in reference (6) reveals that conditions requiring a steam to carbon ratio of 1.6 on a thermodynamic basis can actually support a steam to carbon ratio of 1.2 on a kinetic basis. 9.1.3 PowerConditioners Example 9-10 Conversion between DC and AC Power Given a desired output of 1.0 MWAC, and an inverter efficiency of 96.5 percent, what DC output level is required from the fuel cell stack? Solution: (a) The required DC power output level is found simply as the quotient of AC power and the inverter efficiency as demonstrated below. ⎛ 1MWDC ⎞ MWDC = (1.0 MWAC )⎜⎝ 96.5% MW ⎟⎠ = 1.036 MWDC AC 9.1.4 Others Numerous other unit operations and subsystems can be found in fuel cell processes. These operations and subsystems are well documented in many references (2,8,9,10). For convenience, the unit operations that are commonly found within fuel cell power system are listed below: • heat exchangers • pumps • compressors • expanders 9.2 System Issues • intercoolers • direct contact coolers • gasification • gas clean up This section covers performance issues such as higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV), cogeneration efficiency, heat rate, and cogeneration steam duty calculations. 9-16PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
PDF Search Title:
Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)Original File Name Searched:
fuel-cell-handbook.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)