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⎛ Output ⎞ ⎛ 2.00 MWAC + 1.396 MWt ⎞ Combined Heat & Electrical Efficiency (HHV) = ⎜⎝ Input, HHV ⎟⎠ = ⎜ 4.899 MWt, HHV ⎟ = 69.3% HHV ⎝⎠ 9.2.2 ThermodynamicConsiderations Example 9-13 Production of Cogeneration Steam in a Heat Recovery Boiler (HRB) Given 10,000 lb/hr of 700 oF cycle exhaust gas passing through a heat recovery boiler (HRB) (a) How much 150 psia, 400 oF steam can be produced? (b) How much heat is transferred from the gas in the HRB? (c) What is the exhaust temperature of the gas leaving the HRB? and (d) Sketch the T-Q (temperature-heat) diagram for the HRB. Assume a gas side mean heat capacity of 0.25 Btu/lb-oF, an evaporator pinch temperature of 30 oF, a feedwater temperature of 60 oF, and an evaporator drum pressure of 180 psia to allow for pressure losses. Solution: (a) DevelopasolutionstrategybyexaminingatypicalHRBT-Qdiagrampresentedbelow. From this diagram, observe that the pinch point (the minimum temperature differential between the gas and saturated steam) limits the steam production. To produce more steam, the lower steam line would be stretched to the right until it "bumped" into the hot gas line. At the point of contact, both the hot gas and saturated steam would be at the same temperature. This is thermodynamically impossible, because heat will only "flow" from a higher temperature to a lower one. In practice, the temperature approach at the pinch point is kept large enough (15 to 40 oF) to prevent an unusually large and expensive evaporator. Because the pinch limits the steam production, the sensible heat available in the exhaust gas from 700 °F to the pinch point will determine how much steam can be produced. TT 800g, g,1 700 600 Exhaust Gas Saturated steam Tsat QEvap Pinch Tg, Tg, Feedwater QEcon TF Q3 500 400 300 200 100 QSH Q0 Q1 TS Superheated steam 0 0 20 40 6Q0 80 100 120 The governing equations for the heat available in the gas down to the pinch point (Tg,0 to Tg,2), and the corresponding heat absorbed by the superheated and saturated steam are presented below. Qgas SH + Evap Qsteam SH + Evap =(m )(C)(T -T ) = (m steam )(h superheated - h ) f gas p g,0 g,2 9-19 Q2 TemperaturePDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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