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9.6 Automotive Design Calculations The total power, P, needed from a vehicle’s power system must be sufficient for vehicle acceleration, aerodynamic drag losses, rolling resistance, changes in elevation, and auxiliary power for vehicle accessories (19, 20). These power terms are, respectively: P=(mav+0.5kCDAFv3 +mgCRv+mgv. sin(α))/ε+Paux Where P = total power (W) m = vehicle mass (kg) a = vehicle acceleration (m/sec2) v = vehicle velocity (m/sec) k = air density (kg/m3) CD = aerodynamic drag coefficient 2 AF = vehicle area normal to direction of travel (m ) g = gravitation constant (9.8 m/sec2) CR = coefficient of rolling resistance α = inclined angle of road (radians) ε= efficiency of motor, controller, and gearing Paux = auxiliary power for lights, radio, wipers, air conditioner, cigarette lighter, etc. (W) The power system may consist of the fuel cell plus peak power storage device(s). Criteria established by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) specify that: • The fuel cell system (without peak power device) must provide enough power to sustain a speed of 55 mph (24.58 m/sec) on a 6.5 percent grade, and • The output of the fuel cell system plus peak power device must allow acceleration for high speed passing of 3 mph/sec (1.34 m/sec2) on a level road at 65 mph (29.05 m/sec) These values are computed for a conventional mid-size passenger vehicle using the following assumptions: m = 1360 kg (vehicle weight) + 272 kg (weight of passengers plus cargo) k = 1.29 kg/m3 (at standard temperature and pressure) CD=0.3 2 AF=2.0m 2 g = 9.8 m/sec CR = 0.0085 ε = 0.77 2 3 Paux =400W(=400kg-m /sec ) Substituting these values into the equation above, the minimum power needed by the fuel cell alone to sustain 24.58 m/sec on a 6.5 percent grade (0.0649 radians) is PS = ((0.5)(1.29)(0.3)(2.0)(24.58)3 + (1632)(9.8)(0.0085)(24.58) + (1632)(9.8)(24.58)sin(0.0649))/0.77 + 400 9-28PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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